Introduction to the Human Body Hardcover – November 22, 2011
Author: Visit Amazon's Gerard J. Tortora Page | Language: English | ISBN: 0470598921 | Format: PDF, EPUB
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- Hardcover: 752 pages
- Publisher: Wiley; 9 edition (November 22, 2011)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 0470598921
- ISBN-13: 978-0470598924
- Product Dimensions: 11.1 x 9.3 x 1.1 inches
- Shipping Weight: 4.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
- Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #40,587 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #81 in Books > Textbooks > Medicine & Health Sciences > Medicine > Basic Sciences > Physiology
- #95 in Books > Textbooks > Medicine & Health Sciences > Medicine > Basic Sciences > Anatomy
- #95 in Books > Textbooks > Science & Mathematics > Biology & Life Sciences > Anatomy & Physiology
1.1 Anatomy and Physiology Defined 2
1.2 Levels of Organization and Body Systems 2
1.3 Life Processes 7
1.4 Homeostasis: Maintaining Limits 7
1.5 Aging and Homeostasis 10
1.6 Anatomical Terms 10
1.7 Body Cavities 16
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY 25
2.1 Introduction to Chemistry 26
2.2 Chemical Compounds and Life Processes 33
CHAPTER 3 CELLS 48
3.1 A Generalized View of the Cell 49
3.2 The Plasma Membrane 50
3.3 Transport Across the Plasma Membrane 51
3.4 Cytoplasm 56
3.5 Nucleus 62
3.6 Gene Action: Protein Synthesis 64
3.7 Somatic Cell Division 65
3.8 Cellular Diversity 69
3.9 Aging and Cells 69
CHAPTER 4 TISSUES 78
4.1 Types of Tissues 79
4.2 Epithelial Tissue 79
4.3 Connective Tissue 88
4.4 Membranes 96
4.5 Muscular Tissue 98
4.6 Nervous Tissue 98
4.7 Tissue Repair: Restoring Homeostasis 98
4.8 Aging and Tissues 100
CHAPTER 5 THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 106
5.1 Skin 107
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin 110
5.3 Functions of the Skin 114
5.4 Aging and the Integumentary System 115
CHAPTER 6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 124
6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System 125
6.2 Types of Bones 125
6.3 Structure of Bone 125
6.4 Bone Formation 129
6.5 Exercise and Bone Tissue 134
6.6 Divisions of the Skeletal System 135
6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone 137
6.8 Vertebral Column 146
6.9 Thorax 153
6.10 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle 154
6.11 Upper Limb 155
6.12 Pelvic (Hip) Girdle 159
6.13 Lower Limb 160
6.14 Comparison of Female and Male Skeletons 167
6.15 Aging and the Skeletal System 167
CHAPTER 7 JOINTS 177
7.1 Classification of Joints 178
7.2 Fibrous Joints 178
7.3 Cartilaginous Joints 180
7.4 Synovial Joints 180
7.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints 182
7.6 Types of Synovial Joints 186
7.7 Aging and Joints 191
CHAPTER 8 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 197
8.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue 198
8.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue 198
8.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle 202
8.4 Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle Tissue 207
8.5 Control of Muscle Tension 209
8.6 Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue 211
8.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue 211
8.8 Smooth Muscle Tissue 212
8.9 Aging and Muscular Tissue 213
8.10 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movement 214
8.11 Principal Skeletal Muscles 215
CHAPTER 9 NERVOUS TISSUE 252
9.1 Overview of the Nervous System 253
9.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue 255
9.3 Action Potentials 259
9.4 Synaptic Transmission 262
CHAPTER 10 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, SPINAL NERVES, AND CRANIAL NERVES 271
10.1 Spinal Cord Structure 272
10.2 Spinal Nerves 275
10.3 Spinal Cord Functions 276
10.4 Brain 277
10.5 Cranial Nerves 292
10.6 Aging and the Nervous System 294
CHAPTER 11 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 301
11.1 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems 302
11.2 Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System 302
11.3 Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System 307
CHAPTER 12 SOMATIC SENSES AND SPECIAL SENSES 314
12.1 Overview of Sensations 315
12.2 Somatic Senses 317
12.3 Special Senses 320
12.4 Olfaction: Sense of Smell 320
12.5 Gustation: Sense of Taste 321
12.6 Vision 323
12.7 Hearing and Equilibrium 331
CHAPTER 13 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 346
13.1 Introduction 347
13.2 Hormone Action 348
13.3 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 350
13.4 Thyroid Gland 355
13.5 Parathyroid Glands 357
13.6 Pancreatic Islets 358
13.7 Adrenal Glands 360
13.8 Ovaries and Testes 363
13.9 Pineal Gland 364
13.10 Other Hormones 365
13.11 The Stress Response 366
13.12 Aging and the Endocrine System 367
CHAPTER 14 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD 377
14.1 Functions of Blood 378
14.2 Components of Whole Blood 378
14.3 Hemostasis 386
14.4 Blood Groups and Blood Types 389
CHAPTER 15 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: HEART 397
15.1 Structure and Organization of the Heart 398
15.2 Blood Flow and Blood Supply of the Heart 404
15.3 Conduction System of the Heart 406
15.4 Electrocardiogram 407
15.5 The Cardiac Cycle 408
15.6 Cardiac Output 409
15.7 Exercise and the Heart 412
CHAPTER 16 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS AND CIRCULATION 420
16.1 Blood Vessel Structure and Function 421
16.2 Blood Flow Through Blood Vessels 425
16.3 Circulatory Routes 428
16.4 Checking Circulation 446
16.5 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 447
CHAPTER 17 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY 454
17.1 Lymphatic System 456
17.2 Innate Immunity 459
17.3 Adaptive Immunity 463
17.4 Aging and the Immune System 473
CHAPTER 18 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 482
18.1 Organs of the Respiratory System 483
18.2 Pulmonary Ventilation 490
18.3 Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 494
18.4 Transport of Respiratory Gases 497
18.5 Control of Respiration 499
18.6 Exercise and the Respiratory System 502
18.7 Aging and the Respiratory System 503
CHAPTER 19 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 511
19.1 Overview of the Digestive System 512
19.2 Layers of the GI Tract and the Omentum 512
19.3 Mouth 515
19.4 Pharynx and Esophagus 518
19.5 Stomach 520
19.6 Pancreas 523
19.7 Liver and Gallbladder 524
19.8 Small Intestine 526
19.9 Large Intestine 532
19.10 Phases of Digestion 534
19.11 Aging and the Digestive System 536
CHAPTER 20 NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 545
20.1 Nutrients 546
20.2 Metabolism 551
20.3 Metabolism and Body Heat 557
CHAPTER 21 THE URINARY SYSTEM 566
21.1 Overview of the Urinary System 567
21.2 Structure of the Kidneys 568
21.3 Functions of the Nephron 572
21.4 Transportation, Storage, and Elimination of Urine 578
21.5 Aging and the Urinary System 581
CHAPTER 22 FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID–BASE BALANCE 588
22.1 Fluid Compartments and Fluid Balance 589
22.2 Electrolytes in Body Fluids 593
22.3 Acid–Base Balance 595
22.4 Aging and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance 598
CHAPTER 23 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 602
23.1 Male Reproductive System 603
23.2 Female Reproductive System 611
23.3 The Female Reproductive Cycle 617
23.4 Birth Control Methods and Abortion 621
23.5 Aging and the Reproductive Systems 624
CHAPTER 24 DEVELOPMENT AND INHERITANCE 634
24.1 Embryonic Period 635
24.2 Fetal Period 644
24.3 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy 647
24.4 Exercise and Pregnancy 648
24.5 Labor and Delivery 648
24.6 Lactation 649
24.7 Inheritance 651
Answers A-1 Glossary G-1 Credits C-1
Index I-1
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